Showing posts with label Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 07, 2011

The Plight of the Native Filipino OFWs -- Under the Modern Slavery institution, a by-product of Globalization [WTO]


“Where justice is denied, where poverty is enforced, where ignorance prevails, and where any one class is made to feel that society is an organized conspiracy to oppress, rob and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe.” – Frederick Douglass, American AbolitionistLecturerAuthor and Slave1817-1895)


“To be poor and independent is very nearly an impossibility.” - William Corbett, 1830

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NOTES TO READERS:  Colored and/or underlined words are HTML links. Click on them to see the linked posts/articles. Forwarding this and other posts to relatives and friends, especially those in the homeland, is greatly appreciated. To share, use all social media tools: email, blog, Google+, Tumblr,Twitter,Facebook, etc. THANKS!!
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Hi All,

We native Filipinos, depending on where we stand in the totem pole, have our own spins regarding our millions of OFWs. Our native rulers in government/military and business pay lip service to our contract emigrants by labeling them as "heroes",  as OFWs' dollar remittances make up/add to the billions unconscionably stolen from government coffers and/or as their departure for overseas work provide a societal relief valve that works to delay/prevent our social volcano from erupting, i.e. bloody revolution.  

Some in the Church (Roman Catholics, mainline Protestant, Evangelicals/Pentecostals, etc.) in addition see our OFWs as "Christian missionaries" who can proselytize about Christianity, forgetting that among them are Filipino Muslims. I doubt if any native, Filipino Christian/OFW entertain such, especially in the Middle Eastern Kingdoms. The task is not to proselytize/convert or withdraw from social justice concerns to concentrate solely on "personal salvation" ; but to practice authentic Christianity, i.e. the ignored catholic social teachings (or other religious traditions and social justice movements.)


A fellow native Filipino, who worked for an American company, wrote me to say that we native Filipinos are born to be slaves. I want to believe he is just being funny.


All these viewpoints are expressed apparently by persons who can not appreciate or do not empathize with, but may even profit from, the daily existential struggles of the common tao -who is forced mainly by dire economic realities -brought about by WTO in the Philippines -to leave the homeland and loved ones. 


The below articles demonstrate the situations our fellow native Filipinos are in: what their personal miseries, the slavish treatment they undergo and how their supposed "heroism" are paid back particularly by those who loudly label our fellow native OFWs as "heroes." 




NOTE: Rampant corruption in public offices, top to bottom is a symptom of disease: the disease of absent nationalism in combination with the disease of immature christianity/religion. Without being repetitive here, I just want to say that these have been discussed in previous posts.



It may be tiring and seemingly hopeless, but we need to keep alive, to continue the discussion of fundamental issues that cause our national predicament, especially to those fellow native Filipinos who are impoverished and/or illiterate, who can not escape/emigrate. 


And hopefully, for those who are truly concerned who can reach and help these neglected and despised native majority gain an appreciation and understanding of "what's going on." Because without the impoverished majority knowing and understanding, they can not unite and act for radical changes that are way long overdue. 


We may not see the realization now or during our lifetime. But we have to try and do so, for the next generations. For another, there's no place like home, our country of birth. That's how I feel and think.

- Bert 

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The Plight of the Native Filipino OFWs -- Under the Modern Slavery Institution, a by-product of Globalization [WTO]

Investigate Owwa for missing P21 million – Migrants group

PUBLISHED ON NOVEMBER 25, 2011, By INA ALLECO R. SILVERIO
Bulatlat.com
Next time overseas Filipino workers complain that they are not benefiting from the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), they will know at least one reason why: their contributions might have been pocketed by corrupt officials.  
The OFW group Migrante International has called attention to a recent report of the Commission on Audit (COA) that the OWWA’s overseas officers have failed to remit more than P21 million ($488,372) in collections to OWWA’s Land Bank- Manila dollar account during the last 10 years. This prompted the group to call for an “immediate independent investigation” of the OWWA and its personnel both here and in offices abroad. Migrante’s chairman Garry Martinez said the audit should include investigations into the performance and financial transactions of OWWA’s officials including members of the Board of Trustees.
The COA said the multi-million-remittance failure has put the OWWA’s funds at risk of misappropriation. In its 2010 report on the agency, the audit authority said the dollar and euro collections from various foreign posts amounting to P21.587 million ($488,372) has been un-remitted “for a long period of time.” These funds comprise fees collected under the OWWA’s voluntary membership program. The program funds are intended for the immediate use of OFWs and their families for emergency concerns and related needs.
According to reports from the CoA, the overseas-based officers of OWWA’s are required to remit their monthly collections to the OWWA’s Land Bank-Manila dollar account not later than the fifth day of the following month. When the audit agency went through the OWWA’s records, however, it discovered that a staggering P21.587($488,372) million had not been remitted for periods ranging from one to 10 years.
The CoA 2010 report on the OWWA said that several of the officers who had the responsibility to remit the collections remain in service: but four have absconded or are absent without leave. In the meantime, another 10 have already resigned or moved to another agency. The audit agency also discovered that an employee of the Department of Labor and Employment remitted collections from Switzerland from October 2007 to December 2010. 

“With the period of time that has lapsed and continued failure of the collection officers, particularly those with large amounts of accountability, to remit the money, the possibility of the funds having been misappropriated cannot be discounted,” the CoA said. “Some of the funds may already be lost. Moreover, recovering the money may become difficult and may even be doubtful for those who have absconded or have been separated from the service.”

More anomalies
Migrante International’s Martinez said the un-remitted P21 million might just be the tip of the iceberg. “This appears to have been going on for a long time because no check-and-balance of OWWA funds is in place. We also believe that overseas officers cannot have pulled this off over a span of 10 years without the complicity and tolerance of people who are higher up the food chain,” Martinez said. 
He demanded that the COA should immediately release the names and embassies of those involved. The labor leader said Migrante has been calling for an investigation of OWWA for the longest time, prompting congressional inquiries. The group and allied organizations have also filed several graft and plunder cases before the Ombudsman and Department of Justice against OWWA officials.

Martinez cited former Armed Forces of the Philippines chief of staff Roy Cimatu’s failed rescue mission during the Lebanon crisis on 2006 when the OWWA released P150 million ($3.48 million) for the repatriation of OFWs. Out of more than 6,000 OFWs, only 1,000 were repatriated, but the International Organization for Migration (IOM) was able to repatriate 4,000 OFWs. “When asked where the OWWA funds went, Cimatu was mum about it,” Martinez said. 

The incident prompted several Senate hearings and it was then discovered that P6.8 billion ($158 million) of OWWA’s funds were transferred to the Development Bank of the Philippines and Landbank of the Philippines (P3.4 billion or $79 million in each transaction) without any consultation with the OFW sector.

Former solicitor general Frank Chavez also filed a case at the DOJ against former president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo for alleged misuse and re-channeling of OWWA’s funds to various projects that had nothing to do with OFWs, among them the supposed evacuation of Filipinos from Iraq, Kuwait and Afghanistan in 2003. No actual evacuation of Filipinos took place, but the money disappeared.

Macapagal-Arroyo also reportedly transferred P100 Million ($2.32 million) from the Livelihood Development Program of the OWWA’s to the National Livelihood Support Fund under the Office of the President in September 2003. She and the other respondents are also accused of electoral fraud by “intending, facilitating and ordering the diversion of migrant workers’ trust funds from the OWWA to finance her campaign machinery starting 2003” with regard the release of Phil Health cards bearing Arroyo’s name and picture as an election campaign tactic in the 2004 elections.

Martinez said some officers of the OWWA’s may have escaped accountability through the years on account of Section 5, provision (h), Article III of the OWWA’s Omnibus Policies that stipulates that all minutes, transcripts and tapes of the OWWA’s are confidential and not open to the public.

Go after OWWA officials
“If it is proven that OWWA’s funds were not used for the benefit of OFW s, the whole Board of Trustees should be recalled. Erring and corrupt officials are being protected by this provision in the OWWA’s Omnibus Policies. No need for consultations with stakeholders, they could do anything with OFWs’ money without consulting them,” he said. For its part, the CoA has already called on the OWWA to demand the immediate remittance of the full amount from the collecting officers concerned. It also said that the agency should withhold payment of any money to the collecting officers, and hold them accountable.  “The OWWA should get in touch with those who have gone Awol and demand that they settle their accountability for the un-remitted collections,” the COA said. 

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Labor trafficking victims of diplomats launch campaign in the US

PUBLISHED ON NOVEMBER 16, 2011, By INA ALLECO R. SILVERIO
Bulatlat.com
MANILA – Last week, domestic workers from various immigrant communities gathered at the Philippine consulate on 5th Avenue in Manhattan, New York to bring attention to the existence of modern-day slavery of domestic workers. They demanded enforcement of existing anti-trafficking laws to protect workers and punish foreign diplomats who have trafficked domestic workers into the United States. More than 75 women workers and their allies joined the rally that was also seen as a launch of a campaign focused on labor trafficking of domestic workers. 

In a letter addressed to the US State Department, the protestors led by an organization of Filipino domestic workers Damayan Migrant Workers Association and allied groups named seven countries with diplomats who they alleged are guilty of trafficking women domestic workers and forcing them into slavery; these countries are the Philippines, Kuwait, Tanzania, Mauritius, Saudi Arabia, India and Peru. They called the campaign “Baklas” (Filipino word for “dismantle”): Break Free from Labor Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery and said that other worker centers, grassroots organizations and advocates against trafficking support it. The Urban Justice Center is also aiding the campaign.

In a letter to the US State Department, the campaign is seeking the enforcement of the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act 2008 by suspending the privilege of bringing domestic workers into the US of countries, the diplomats of which are found to be engaged in labor trafficking. In cases where domestic workers are demanding justice from these employers, groups are calling for the US State Department to press home countries to waive the diplomatic immunity of traffickers.

Helper settles civil case vs Philippine official
During the protest, Damayan announced the settlement of the civil case of one of its members Marichu Baoanan.
On June 24, 2008, with the assistance of Damayan and Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Baoanan filed a civil lawsuit of 15 counts including trafficking, forced labor, peonage and slavery against her former employers, Permanent Representative to the United Nations of the Philippines Lauro Baja, his wife Norma Baja, and their daughter Maria “Beth” Facundo.  
According to reports, Marichu was trafficked to the US by the Bajas and worked as a domestic worker in the Baja household for approximately three months. She was forced to work at least 18 hours a day, seven days a week, with no days off, for $100 or approximately six cents per hour. Invoking diplomatic immunity, the Bajas asked the court to dismiss the charges. After a one-year legal and organizing battle to waive Baja’s immunity, Judge Victor Marrero of the New York Southern District Court denied Baja’s motion and effectively removed his immunity so the case could proceed. Three years after filing, the case was recently settled.

According to Damayan and its allies, the problem is more than just a few bad actors. Damayan said that since Marichu’s case was exposed, more domestic workers have come forward. They related similar tales of being abused by diplomats, suffering experiences similar to Marichu’s: being forced to work extremely long hours for very low to no wages; having their passports stolen or confiscated by their employers; and being threatened with deportation.

We need to take a stand against trafficking and slavery,” said Cita Brodsky, chairwoman of Damayan. “With the global economic crisis, the number of migrants around the world is growing, and with that grows the Philippines’ dependence on remittances of overseas women workers. And on the demand side, the unprotected labor industry for domestic workers also breeds modern-day slavery. We need accountability from all governments, the enforcement of laws and the protection of women workers.”

Do not grant immunity to abusive diplomats
Nicole Hallett of the Community Development Project at the Urban Justice Center said it was unfortunate that the law often gives immunity to diplomats who commit heinous crimes such as forced labor and human trafficking. She said groups like Damayan hope to change the public discourse so that diplomats are held accountable, both in and out of the courtroom. 

Domestic workers from New York and Maryland, who have been abused by diplomats, also spoke at the protest. There were also cultural performances and readings of statements of support from by a variety of immigrant- and community-based organizations, lawyers and advocates.
Damayan called for the support of the Philippine consulate in the campaign, and demanded that the consulate create protocols to address the potential trafficking of Filipino domestic workers by diplomats. After the program at the Philippines consulate and mission, the workers marched to the Tanzanian, Kuwaiti and Mozambique missions.

Advocates have long exposed Tanzania and Kuwait to the US State Department, with no concrete action. “We will work with all our allies and sister organizations to protect our workers and community,” Brodsky said. “We will continue to educate and organize to dismantle the structures that create modern-day slavery and to empower women who need to break free.”

Taiwanese official arrested for abusing Filipina housekeeper
In a related development, Taiwan is in an uproar over the arrest of a Taiwanese diplomat in Kansas City last November 11. Jacqueline Liu was arrested on charges of labor fraud. She has been accused of abusing her Filipina helper. Reports said there is a precedent of US judicial authorities’ issuing an arrest warrant for a Taiwanese official.

In a report from the Central News Agency, Taiwanese authorities are demanding the US government release Jacqueline Liu, the director-general of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Kansas City. It said that Liu should be immediately and unconditionally released on the grounds that she enjoys immunity under a bilateral agreement on privileges, exemptions and immunities signed between the two countries in October 1980.

Taiwanese politicians are outraged over how the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) made the arrest on the grounds that Taiwan is not a sovereign country and therefore its officials are not eligible for diplomatic immunity in the US.
Based on the FBI’s indictment against Liu, she has not just short-paid her housekeeper and abused the Filipina mentally and physically, but also has a record of maltreating a previous housemaid, leading to the maid suffering from depression and anorexia. The FBI’s main charge against Liu is her alleged violation of the criminal code regarding “fraud in foreign labor contracting.”
According to the indictment papers, a director-level official in Liu’s office was reported to have disclosed how the Filipina domestic worker was paid only $620 a month. In her contract, it was stated that she should be paid $1,240 per month. Another senior consular official, who had worked at the Kansas City office for more than two years was quoted as confirming that he was told by Liu to pay the maid only $220 every two weeks, plus $70 for grocery purchases — far below the contracted amount. It was also stated in the indictment papers that the Taiwanese official falsely brought the Filipina to her house on false pretenses. The indictment said the housekeeper was working about 100 hours a week.
A member of the Filipino Association of Greater Kansas City Jose Bayani was quoted in media reports saying that what was done to his compatriot was “literal enslavement.” Bayani said that during her errands to the grocery store, the Filipina told other Filipinos of her plight. A Filipino man heard her story and helped her escape from Liu’s home in late August. The housekeeper plans to stay in America to find another job. She is living in a shelter. Liu, is being held in the Johnson county jail until her next court appearance this week. The charges carry a possible five-year sentence in a federal jail. 

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Arroyo’s Labor Export Policy and the GFMD Promote Trafficking of Filipino Women –Women’s Party

PUBLISHED ON OCTOBER 24, 2008,
A women’s party list group scored the Arroyo government and the Global Forum for Migration and Development (GFMD) for the intensified trafficking of Filipino women and children.  To show their disgust for the Arroyo government and the GFMD, the Gabriela Women’s Party held a protest parade this morning at the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) in Pasay City. 

Gabriela Women’s Party’s Parade of Pinays for Export (PX),” highlighted the plight of Filipino women who were trafficked as mail order brides, domestic workers and caregivers, and prostituted women in countries such as the US, Singapore, Japan, Kuwait, and Canada, among others.  According to reports, some 300,000 to 400,000 Filipino women are victims of trafficking yearly. They are among the 12.3 million victims of forced labor or servitude worldwide.
The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) said that the Philippines belongs to the top five countries in the world with the most number of human trafficking victims, 80 percent of the victims are female minors. The DFA reported some 238 cases of trafficking in 2007, 212 of these are cases of sex trafficking in Singapore.

Cristina Palabay, Gabriela Women’s Party secretary general, said that Arroyo’s labor export policy ‘legitimizes the trafficking of our women and children to precarious and exploitative situations in host countries. ”Without jobs and livelihood within the Philippines, victims are lured, deceived and facilitated by profit-hungry syndicate recruiters and even government officials with promises of different jobs, good compensation, high wages and benefits,” Palabay said. 

Palabay disclosed that despite the enactment of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act in 2003, there were only eight convictions involving 11 persons out of more than 200 cases filed in violation of the law.
Palabay also said that by highlighting the Philippine government as the role model among nations for exporting labor and by pursuing regular and protective forms of migration, ‘the GFMD’s role in the promotion of trafficking of women and children becomes clearer.’ Palabay said that with the generation of some $28 billion from the illegal industry of trafficking of women and children, the GFMD sees trafficking as a ‘profitable industry.’

The group will participate in the International Assembly of Migrants and Refugees (IAMR), a counter forum to the GFMD, on October 28 to 30. (Bulatlat.com)




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I consider these earleir posts and the RECTO READER as essential in knowing and understanding our homeland and ourselves, native, Malay Filipinos; and are therefore always presented in each new post. Click each to open/read.
  1. WHAT WE FILIPINOS SHOULD KNOW:
  2. WHAT IS NATIONALISM [Filipino Nationalism]?
  3. Our Colonial Mentality and Its Roots 
  4. The Miseducation of the Filipino (Formation of our Americanized Mind)
  5. Jose Rizal - Reformist or Revolutionary?
  6. The Purpose of Our Past, Why Study (Our) History?
  7. Studying and Rethinking Our Philippine History
  8. Globalization (Neoliberalism) – The Road to Perdition in Our Homeland
  9. Resisting Globalization (WTO Agreements)
  10. Virtues of De-Globalization
  11. Our Filipino Kind of Religion
  12. Our Filipino Christianity and Our God-concept
  13. When Our Religion Becomes Evil
THE RECTO READER is presented in several postings. Click each to open/read:

NOTE: Recto's cited cases, examples or issues were of his time, of course; but realities in our homeland in the present and the foreseeable future are/expectedly much, much worse. Though I am tempted to update them with current issues, it's best to leave them as they are since Recto's paradigms about our much deepened national predicament still ring relevant, valid and true. In short, Recto saw the forest and never got lost in the trees.- Bert



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Thursday, June 30, 2005

QUO VADIS? ...MY BIRTH COUNTRY PHILIPPINES...THE FUTURE GENERATIONS. (Repost of June 30, 2005)



"Those who profess to favor freedom and yet deprecate agitation
are men who want crops without plowing up the ground; they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its waters. This struggle may be a moral one or it may be a physical one or it may be both moral and physical but it must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without a demand It never did, and never will." 


NOTES TO READERS:  
1. Colored and/or underlined words are HTML links. Click on them to see the linked posts/articles. Forwarding this and other posts to relatives and friends, especially those in the homeland, is greatly appreciated. To share, use all social media tools: email, blog, Google+, Tumblr, Twitter, Facebook, etc. THANKS!!
2. Click the following underlined title/link to checkout these Essential/Primary Readings About Us Filipino Natives:
Primary Blog Posts/Readings for my fellow, Native (Malay/Indio) Filipinos-in-the-Philippines
3. Instantly translate to any of 71 foreign languages. Go to the sidebar on the right to choose your preferred language.

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LET US NOT KEEP OUR HEADS IN THE SAND



To be persuasive we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; credible we must be truthful." - Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965)



In recent weeks, there seems to be a gathering storm of demands for Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to resign. With the Jose Pidal case, Gloriagate tapes, the alleged P10MM payola offered to a Catholic Bishop, etc.; all these relatively "minor" compared to the prostitution and plunder of our national economy and patrimony that the Arroyo government and her technocrats have been perpetuating via the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements, at the expense of the poor native majority and the diminishing native middle class. Gloria and her cohorts may be made to go. But then what?


Does a change in the faces of leadership, taken from the present contenders, pretenders, and/or their supporters, resulting in the radical and fundamental changes needed for the betterment of the majority, in the long term?

We have seen such facial changes before since the dictator Ferdinand Marcos: Cory Aquino, supposedly pious but only brought back the old oligarchs, and see today what and how her family's Hacienda Luisita treat their plantation workers; Fidel Ramos, a former Marcos henchman who continued the politicization of the military (putting them in civilian posts), a West Point graduate and strongly pro-American, wasted people's money on APEC, brought in the WTO to destroy our nascent industries and agricultural economy, among others; Joseph Estrada, a supposedly "pro-poor" celebrity who was an incompetent drunk and thief; now Gloria, supposedly a Catholic college girl, highly educated, economist, an exponent of the WTO and all these alleged corruption in her immediate family. We have had a very smart strongman, a religious widow, a military man, an incompetent drunk thief, and currently a highly educated Catholic woman, what's next?


Who can our fellow Filipinos in the homeland turn to? What can they do?

At this point in our homeland's history, the western-type political democracy does not seem really fit given the level of political maturity or understanding of democracy by the majority, the lack of national unity, and the absence of adequate economic foundation necessary to decent livelihood for all, which democracy requires to become truly effective and useful for most members of society [it is difficult to talk about ideas to hungry stomachs]. At this point in time "guided democracy", "limited democracy" as was practiced in Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan especially during the early stages of their economic development seems more appropriate. (refer to: http://thefilipinomind.blogspot.com/2005/05/learning-from-taiwanese-from.html). 

But of course, the specific histories and cultures have to be understood. Nothing is completely transferable. There are many ways to skin a cat. At best, an eclectic approach is needed. Given the large economic inequality or gap between a handful of socioeconomic elite and the majority, this economic elite wields political power since "those who have the gold, rules" and with "gold, goons, and guns." It is only when a large middle class --not just 8-10% of the populace as estimated now-- has been formed will a western-type political democracy with its institutions be fully appreciated, understood, and made to truly serve the interests of most citizens [of a democratic society].

More specifically, in a country like our homeland, when all is said and done, political democracy is presently not very empowering for the average citizen. The individual Filipino citizen, the "common tao", does not feel that he is a participant in nor influence running the country. In his past and present history, unpopular or dissenting individuals/groups, including journalists have been harassed or murdered without redress and justice. Then and now, the regular elections and the courts have, more often than not, become a circus and a sham. In times of peace, the citizen feels that he is empowered only by his political connections since the normal democratic institutions do not function effectively and efficiently for him; in times of crisis, he feels empowered only in a crowd, by his participation in a mass demonstration, an EDSA, or the "politics of the streets". Therefore such a conception of western-type political democracy is a disappointment, to put it mildly.
Political parties have come to be recognized as a necessary part of a functioning political democracy. In our homeland's case, such parties do not really exist since their candidates are not different from each other. They have only paid lip service to democratic principles and/or mouthed nationalist pretensions; while the socio-economic-political elites with the cooptation by the military and/or apathy of the middle class, who control these political parties, exploit, fool and look with scorn upon the poor and illiterate whose interest they claim to represent. The political parties will only be effective as a vehicle of democratic education and practice, of fundamental changes designed to serve the basic needs of the majority, when their control is taken, peacefully (preferably) or violently, by a politicized, nationalistic citizenry from the relatively small elite group that now rules and controls. Given the present conditions in the Philippines where peaceful change is a practically impossible and armed rebellion is still unpopular, untimely, and suicidal, the main and immediate task of Filipinos in the Philippines today is to learn their history, by firstly politicizing the multitude to increase their national consciousness and nationalism: to know why they need and how to take control, to correctly identify potential, truly nationalist leaders who will work, fight with them for the economic [firstly] and political [secondly] well-being of present and future generations, preferably peacefully; but not hesitating to do so forcefully, if required, that is, when every peaceful means have been exhausted. The people has the right to revolt (America, now the sole and most powerful bully in the world and which profits from the current state-of-affairs, has conveniently forgotten its revolutionary history and tells each suffering, poor nation to go the "legal" way --which has not worked in the last 60+ years for us). A politicized and nationalistic citizenry will also be capable of monitoring and keeping a watchful and active eye on its leaders to ensure that the leaders truly represent and serve their common good while minimizing violence [we do not want a Pol Pot-like communist revolution]. The 1949 Chinese and 1954 Vietnamese Revolutions were both nationalistic and communist. In both cases, it now appears that they are giving way to accepting capitalism (theoretically opposite to communism and therefore anathema) as the way to economic progress. But these nations' road to economic progress are strongly monitored and controlled, and gradually implemented by a nationalistic though communist cadre/party. It can be foreseen that they will evolve into a democratic and nationalistic society in the following decades. In our homeland, ideally, a nationalistic revolution is preferable, if there is such a realizable wish. THE BAD NEWS: if nationalist politicization were reached in our homeland, it may take a generation (30+) years from thereon to attain true political and economic independence. And it will probably be a much harder and difficult road since the countries benefiting the current socio-economic and political conditions i.e. mainly the USA, Japan, via their transnational corporations and their effective control of the IMF/WB/WTO will make it so; as happened in Chile, Nicaragua, Peru, Venezuela, etc in recent years.That is why a combination of strong nationalist leadership and nationalist populace are imperative to withstand expected embargoes and financial squeeze by these powerful countries and entities (note Cuba). We should realize though that with market globalization, the US and the developed world do not care about a country's political ideology including communism; as demonstrated by their currently humongous business partnership and trade with communist China.


What the US and transnational corporations (TNCs) are worried about and actively oppose is a country whose leadership and citizens are united by a strong nationalism to assert themselves and defy them (as Mohammad Mahathir of Malaysia). 

THE WORST NEWS for our homeland is to stay the course as in the past and present, that is, continuing the present liberal economic policies via the still generally unperceived neo-colonial relationship with the US and other developed countries [the G7]; absolute adherence to WTO/IMF/WB, etc. that have been leading only to the complete destruction of indigenous agriculture and nascent industrialization, with the resultant massive loss of jobs, destruction of natural resources and environment, the continual and consequent sham and ineffective political democracy; which in the long-run will produce the feared widespread chaos and violent upheaval, initiated by either the military or communist rebels. 

This feared probability will be hastened when opportunities for our OFWs greatly diminish as it will, given the increased competition from other poor countries because, for now, OFWs serve well as a pressure-relief valve for the social volcano of the Philippines

Unfortunately, I do not find true and lasting good news in the next decade or two for our next generations but, I hope I will be wrong.


"Cuba has ... been condemned for not allowing its people to flee the island. That so many want to leave Cuba is treated as proof that Cuban socialism is a harshly repressive system, rather than that the U.S. embargo has made life difficult in Cuba. That so many millions more want to leave capitalist countries like Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, El Salvador, Philippines, South Korea, Macedonia, and others too numerous to list is never treated as grounds for questioning the free-market system that inflicts such misery on the Third World." - Michael Parenti

“Nations whose NATIONALISM is destroyed are subject to ruin.” - Colonel Muammar Qaddafi, 1942-, Libyan Political and Military Leader 

 "We shall be better and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know..." - SOCRATES 

 "Upang maitindig natin ang bantayog ng ating lipunan, kailangang radikal nating baguhin hindi lamang ang ating mga institusyon kundi maging ang ating pag-iisip at pamumuhay. Kailangan ang rebolusyon, hindi lamang sa panlabas, kundi lalo na sa panloob!" - Apolinario Mabini La Revolucion Filipina (1898)

Friday, May 20, 2005

Aristocrats/Landed Gentry in our Homeland >>>Philippine Agrarian Reform Gives Land to the Wealthy



"How can a genuine agrarian reform program be legislated by a landlord-dominated Congress and signed by a landlord President?"


Philippine Agrarian Reform Gives Land to the Wealthy

Luz Rimban, (More by this author)
Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) (More from this organization)
July 13, 2004

This report focuses on the 220-hectare Hacienda Tinang in Tarlac, once owned by Benigno Aquino Sr. and sold to the wealthy de Leon family of Pampanga. It narrates how the de Leon heirs circumvented land reform by faking a voluntary offer of sale where the land was supposedly sold, in smaller parcels, to “farmer-beneficiaries.” These beneficiaries, however, were actually members of the clan, which includes some of the country’s wealthiest bankers, business people  and socialites. The story is much more than that of the circumvention of the law or the loopholes in the land reform program. It is really a story of power and wealth in the country, and how the families that own land and wield power are able to protect their interests.




BGY TINANG, CONCEPCION, Tarlac - When President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo last week began her six-year term, her inaugural address had one glaring omission: it made no mention of land reform. But it was an omission that was barely noticed. To many, and especially to the government, land reform is practically a done deal, a program nearly complete, and about which little more need be said.

But here in this lonely landscape of endless sugarcane fields stretching far, far into the horizon, farmers cannot help but feel that something remains amiss with the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). In fact, all they have to do is point to the sprawling Hacienda Tinang sugar estate here that was awarded under CARP to 77 members of some of the country's wealthiest families-investment bankers, socialites, businessmen, and friends and relatives of the country's top politicians.

The surnames alone of these CARP beneficiaries are dead giveaways of their privileged background: Jalandoni, Rufino, Panicucci, de Leon, and Escaler-including Ernest Escaler, the flamboyant and high-flying businessman-investment banker who two years ago got embroiled in a bribery scandal related to the IMPSA power plant contract.

These individuals reside in posh condominiums and exclusive enclaves like Dasmariñas Village, New Manila, Ayala Alabang, and Forbes Park. They have never lived here and have never tilled the land nor managed it. They even include a junior high school student now enrolled in Canada and who was less than 10 years old when he and other members of his clan became "farmer-beneficiaries" of their own 212-hectare estate.

CARP was supposed to empower the peasantry and eradicate rural poverty by giving land to the poorest. But since its inception, landed interests have been resisting CARP-and succeeding. In an agricultural community like Tinang, what makes this possible are the feudal relations between farmers and landowners, as well as political patronage between the elite, and the bureaucrats and local officials implementing the land reform program. Under CARP, farmer-beneficiaries are supposed to be landless residents of the barangay or the municipality where the land is located, and had done direct work on it, whether as tenants or regular or seasonal farm workers.

But here in Tinang, members of the rich de Leon clan found a way to keep their land through the Voluntary Land Transfer (VLT) scheme, a method of land distribution that requires no government money and minimal intervention from the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). How they did that and how this remained undetected for nearly a decade exposes the many flaws of a program that was supposed to be the cornerstone of former President Corazon Aquino's social justice agenda.

"If you ask me are we tenants, are we farmers, no, we're not," says Michael Escaler, a 54-year-old member of de Leon clan, which owns the Tinang hacienda. "Are you asking me how I got there, how it happened, I have no idea." Escaler is a sugar miller and shareholder of the National Life Insurance Corp. Yet his signature, as well as those of his relatives, appears on numerous documents now on file at the Municipal Agrarian Reform Office in Concepcion, Tarlac. The documents entitled them to individual Certificates of Land Ownership Award or CLOAs, now filed at the Tarlac Register of Deeds. CLOAs are titles to the land supposed to be given only to the landless farmer-beneficiaries.

Controversies have hounded CARP's implementation since it began in 1988. But many of the problems that have surfaced have had more to do with disputes over land bought by the government under the compulsory acquisition and Voluntary-Offer-to-Sell (VOS) schemes. Much has been said, too, about landowners' resistance to land valuation by the Land Bank of the Philippines.

Apparently, however, landowners were also trying out the VLT, which soon became one of the more convenient ways for them to get the government off their backs on the issue of land reform. Aside from Tinang, other VLT cases include the 11 haciendas totaling nearly 5,000 hectares owned by businessman Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. in Negros Occidental. These landholdings have been the subject of protests by restive farm workers who say Cojuangco retains control over the land, despite having submitted them to a VLT scheme.

In the case of the Tinang estate, Escaler says, "I'm just guessing but maybe we gave 75 percent to the planters or the tenants. And maybe the balance that was declared was divided among the heirs. I think that's probably what happened." As to how his signature got on the CLOA papers, he explains that he may have just signed them without bothering to check what they were. Says Escaler: "I will just sign it if you tell me to sign it."

Farmers here acknowledge that the de Leons did give up part of their land in Tinang planted to rice and corn back in the 1970s under then President Ferdinand Marcos's land reform program. More than 200 hectares planted to sugarcane, however, remained in the family. But CARP soon caught up with them, and by the 1990s, the de Leons were supposed to let go of the sugar land. CARP allows landowners to retain some of their property, but as DAR records show, the de Leons managed to circumvent the limits set by law. Under the law, landowners are allowed to retain five hectares each, and their children, if they qualified, three each. 

But the landowners comprising 11 de Leon siblings did not apply for retention, and opted for the VLT scheme, an arrangement whereby landowners voluntarily sold all their land to qualified farmer-beneficiaries.The "buyers" of the de Leon property, however, were not landless tenants, farm workers, or tillers that the law said farmer-beneficiaries had to be. Instead, they were the de Leon landowners' children and grandchildren who claimed, in documents signed and submitted to the Municipal Agrarian Reform Office, to be farmers and farm workers in the de Leons' employ, and residents of this barangay.

These documents were prepared with the help of the barangay captain, acting as representative of the Barangay Agrarian Reform Council (BARC). The barangay captain is the son of the de Leons' caretaker and belongs to a family that residents say is much feared in the village.

Last year, this barangay captain took over his father's position as the de Leons' overseer."This is tantamount to misrepresentation and grounds for the revocation of the VLT," says DAR Assistant Regional Director for Operations Teofilo Inocencio. He also says the DAR Region III is planning to create a Task Force to look into the de Leon case. Yet in 1995, Inocencio was provincial agrarian reform officer in Tarlac; it was he who gave final approval to the de Leon VLT.

The de Leon property here in Tinang shares boundaries with an equally controversial landholding of another branch of the Cojuangco family, Hacienda Luisita. But unlike the Cojuangcos, the de Leons have never lived in their Tinang estate, which was titled in the name of 11 de Leon siblings who married into similarly wealthy clans such as the Escaler, Madrigal, Jalandoni, Lichauco, and Prieto families. Their offspring, in turn, married their cousins or into other wealthy families such as the Osmeña, Lopa, and Rufino families.Their names alone connote wealth and power in the Philippines; their reach and clout in business, government, media and even civil society are extensive.

They also share feudal and patronage ties with those in charge of implementing CARP, making it rather simple for them to become CARP beneficiaries and fend off a genuine land distribution program. Aside from Ernest Escaler, the Tinang farmer-beneficiaries include:* Michael Escaler, a director of the National Life Insurance Corporation, he is also chairman and president of Pampanga Sugar Development Co Inc. (PASUDECO), and president and chief executive officer of Sweet Crystals Integrated Sugar Mills (SCISM). He runs a firm called All Asian Countertrade as well.

* Michael Escaler's wife and cousin, Patricia de Leon. Under the CARP law, a married couple is considered one conjugal unit entitled only to a maximum of three hectares. Michael and Patricia de Leon- Escaler got three hectares each.

* Juan, Mark, and Margarita Escaler, all shareholders in PASUDECO.

* Francis Escaler, a stockholder both in PASUDECO and Sweet Crystals Integrated Sugar Mills. The Escalers are also heirs of Ernesto Escaler, former chief operating officer of Pepsi Cola, and a relative and associate of former Marcos crony Eduardo Danding Cojuangco.

* Marie Yvette L. de Leon, director of National Life Insurance Co of the Philippines.

* Marissa Therese de Leon, married to Gabriel Lopa, nephew of former President Aquino. (The document submitted, however, shows she is married to "Luis Lopa." Her son, Luis de Leon Lopa, is also listed as a farmer beneficiary but the documents show he was 23 years old at the time of the land transfer in 1995. A farmer-beneficiary has to be at least 15 years old. Friends of the de Leons say Luis de Leon Lopa is currently a junior high school student in Canada, meaning he was less than 10 years old at the time of the land transfer.)

* Alfredo de Leon Panicucci, a businessman who imports clothes and runs the Linea Italia stores.

* Gabriel de Leon, who is listed as one of the top 100 stockholders of the Bank of the Philippine Islands.

* Eight farmer-beneficiaries belonging to the de Leon-Madrigal branch, descendants of Don Vicente Madrigal, businessman-industrialist and former senator who owned, among many other companies, the Madrigal Shipping Lines. They are also related to newly elected Senator Jamby Madrigal.

* Felina Maligaya, who is listed as a stockholder of Daniel Agricultural Corporation owned by the de Leon-Jalandoni branch of the family. The land and the family that owns it both have a colorful past closely intertwined with the nation's political and economic history. The de Leon land used to be part of the 1,200-hectare Hacienda Tinang once owned by the revolutionary general Servillano Aquino whose huge wood-and-brick house still stands in the center of Tinang.

In the book Aquinos of Tarlac, writer Nick Joaquin narrates that the general bequeathed Tinang to his son Benigno Sr. upon his marriage to Maria Urquico, daughter of another wealthy Tarlac family. But Benigno Sr. was forced to hock the hacienda to finance his activities when he became a member of the Philippine Legislature from 1919 onwards.

Joaquin says that as Tarlac representative, Benigno Sr. refused to take money from the government; he donated his salary to charitable institutions and personally funded his official trips across the country and abroad. "What was left of my father's lands had been sold during the war to feed us," Joaquin quotes Benigno 'Ninoy' Aquino Jr., as saying. "Most of them were already mortgaged before the war: Murcia, Lawang, and Tinang."

How Tinang ended up with the de Leons is unclear. But the Transfer Certificate of Title to the Tinang property indicates that in the 1930s, ownership of the land passed into the hands of Benigno Sr.'s brother-in-law Manuel Urquico, whom Joaquin describes as "a speculator who lost something like P25 million pesos in the (U.S.) stock-market crash of the mid-30s." It could well be that Urquico sold the land to the de Leons, who have long been prominent in neighboring Pampanga.

Like other landowners, the family made its wealth from lending money to cash-strapped farmers and planters who had land to offer as collateral.The clan traces its roots to patriarch Jose de Leon, a Pampango sugar planter in the early 20th century. In Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society, scholar John Larkin classifies de Leon as among "the very rich (who) created their fortunes by supplying credit mainly through the pacto de retro: loaning money with land as collateral in good times and bad (which) offered the surest way to profit." Larkin says that those who went on to amass greater wealth, Jose de Leon included, "knew as well how to benefit from harsh economic times," acquiring large parcels of land through credit schemes for hard up farmers and planters in the years after the Philippine revolution.

De Leon also invested in other ventures, including the Pampanga Electric Light and Power Company. But his family is more closely associated with PASUDECO, a company being managed at present by descendant Michael Escaler. In its heyday in the 1920s, PASUDECO differed from sugar centrals in Negros in that it was owned not by just one family, but by a group of families whose names and corporations recur in this story."PASUDECO was funded not by a single powerful native family or by foreign capital but by a group of individual and family interests in a kind of cooperative effort that reflected the homogeneity, trust and myriad relationships that existed among the Pampangan elite," Larkin writes.

Among the other prominent Kapampangans who invested in PASUDECO were Augusto Gonzales, Manuel Urquico, Honorio Ventura, Francisco Liongson, and Jose Escaler. Pampango historians say Ventura was a politician who sent the brightest local children to school, among them a boy from Lubao named Diosdado Macapagal. Jose de Leon would eventually put up, along with other investors, the National Life Insurance Company of the Philippines, a firm now situated along Ayala Avenue in Makati, the same building where some de Leon descendants and "farmer-beneficiaries" still hold office. Larkin recounts that de Leon died violently in 1939, when he was gunned down in the heat of a dispute between sugar planters and millers inside the PASUDECO offices. By then, he had amassed enough wealth to last many lifetimes and withstand many generations. That wealth was passed on to his son, Jose Joven de Leon, father of the siblings in whose names the 212-hectare Tinang land was titled before it was placed under CARP.

Court documents show that when Jose Joven de Leon passed away in 1974, he left shares of stock in some 40 corporations that included Bacnotan Cement Industries, the Bank of the Philippine Islands and PASUDECO, as well as more than a hundred parcels of residential, commercial, and agricultural land in Manila and the provinces of Rizal, Pampanga and Tarlac. DAR's Inocencio even quips that the de Leons have so much real estate property that "they have no real idea where all their lands are."Many of their vast landholdings have been targeted for coverage under CARP.

The government is now processing payments to the de Leon descendants for other property purchased by the government under the CARP's Compulsory Acquisition scheme. To DAR and Land Bank employees then, the de Leons are considered cooperative landowners. That is, were it not for the infraction they committed in their Tinang estate.

Source: http://www.landaction.org/display.php?article=234



“Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime” - Aristotle, 335 BC

“They do not easily rise whose abilities are repressed by poverty at home.” - Decimus Juvenalis, 120 AD (CE)

“To be poor and independent is very nearly an impossibility.” - William Corbett, 1830

"Upang maitindig natin ang bantayog ng ating lipunan, kailangang radikal nating baguhin hindi lamang ang ating mga institusyon kundi maging ang ating pag-iisip at pamumuhay. Kailangan ang rebolusyon, hindi lamang sa panlabas, kundi lalo na sa panloob!" --Apolinario Mabini La Revolucion Filipina (1898)





END OF TODAY'S POST.

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" Fear history, for it respects no secrets" - Gregoria de Jesus  (widow of Andres Bonifacio)

Of 536 previous posts, the following listed links and the RECTO READER are essential about us native (indio)/ Malay Filipinos and are therefore always presented in each new post. Click each to open/read

OUR CULTURE: (full range of our learned values, attitudinal & behavioral patterns) 
  1. WHAT WE FILIPINOS SHOULD KNOW:
  2. WHAT IS NATIONALISM [Filipino Nationalism] ?
  3. Impediments to Filipino Nationalism:
  4. Our Colonial Mentality and Its Roots 
  5. The Miseducation of the Filipino (Formation of our Americanized Mind)
  6. Understanding Our Filipino Value System
  7. The Ambivalence of Filipino Traits and Values
  8. Our Kind of Filipino Politics

  9. OUR RELIGION: (Belief Systems)
    1. Our Filipino Kind of Religion
    2. Our Filipino Christianity and Our God-concept
    3. When Our Religion Becomes Evil

    OUR HISTORY: (Nationalist point-of-view) 

    OUR  ECONOMY:  (Post-WW2 Agreements)
    1. President Roxas Railroaded the Approval of Bell Trade Act (Philippine Trade Act),1946 & Military Bases Agreements
    2. Bell Trade Act-1946 (Parity Rights)
    3. The Fallacy of "Philippines First"
    4. The Friar Lands Scandal-How Filipinos Were Being Robbed of The Soil
    5. Agrarian Reform - Conflicts During Implementation
    6. 16 Years of Agrarian Reform: The Lands Are Back in the Hands of the Lords, (Part 1 of 2)
    7. 16 Years of Agrarian Reform: Are Filipino Peasants Better Off Now? (Part 2 of 2)
    8. Globalization (Neoliberalism) – The Road to Perdition in Our Homeland
    9. Globalization – Corporate Greed, Corporate Evil Exposed
    10. Five(5) Years of Reasons To Resist WTO's Globalization & Learn WTO's Multilateral Punishments to the Philippines
    11. Resisting Globalization (WTO Agreements)
    12. Virtues of De-Globalization


    NOTE: Recto's cited cases, examples or issues were of his time, of course; but realities in our homeland in the present and the foreseeable future are expected to be much, much worse. Though I am tempted to update them with current issues, it's best to leave them as they are since Recto's paradigms about our much deepened national predicament still ring relevant, valid and true. In short, Recto saw the forest and never got lost in the trees. We native Filipinos have not learned from or not heeded his advice - Bert

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